Video endoscopy of the nose, nasopharynx with a solid endoscope
The study is designed to assess in detail the nasal passages, nasal shells, nasal septum, nasal sinuses, nasopharyngeal part of the auditory tube, nasopharyngeal vault.
It is advisable to perform the study in case of difficulty breathing through the nose, excretion from the nose or nasopharynx, to evaluate postoperative changes.
During the procedure, a solid 0° or 30° visual endoscope is introduced through the nasal passage, which is connected to the video system. The video material of each patient is saved in the system. The procedure is not painful, since the nasal mucosa is anesthetized and anemized, which allows for a better examination.
Video endoscopy of the nose, nasopharynx with a solid endoscope
The procedure differs from the examination with a solid endoscope by the fact that a flexible fibroscope is used to allow access to the narrowest nasal passages.
Nasal mucosal anemization and surface anesthetics are used
A 2-5% solution of local anesthetic lidocaine is used for anesthesia of the nasal mucosa, which is injected into the nasal passages.
For anemization of the nasal mucosa, a 1:1000 solution of adrenaline or 0.5 mg/ml of oxymetazoline is used. The nasal mucosa is sprayed or a tampon with medicamentous preparations are used for that matter.
The opening of the maxillary sinuses
Puncture of the maxillary sinus can be diagnostic, curative and preventive. The procedure is performed under superficial and local infiltrative anesthesia. With the help of a handkerchief under the lower nasal concha, a special Tilley — Lichtwitz needle — trokar is used to puncture through the inner wall of the maxillary sinus and thus enters the maxillary sinus. Using saline solution, the sinus is then washed. During the same procedure, it is possible to take a bacteriological sample and fill the maxillary sinuses with antibiotic solution.
This procedure is performed in the presence of acute maxillary sinusitis, which does not lend itself to medicament treatment.
Burning of the nasal mucosa with silver nitrate
The most common place of nosebleeds is the anterior third of the nasal septum, where there is an abundant vascular network — Little zone/Kiesselbach plexus. When using silver nitrate sticks, the blood vessels in this area are cauterized, thus reducing the risk of recurrent nasal bleeding.
After this procedure, the nasal passage is tamponed with a cotton swab dipped in oil preparations. The tampon can be removed by the patient himself at home after a day.
Opening of the nasal abscess
Nasal abscesses can form on the outer skin of the nose, the nasal opening, the nasal passage or the nasal septum. Abscesses in the nasal region are quite threatening. Due to the abundant network of blood vessels in the nose, the risk of spreading the infection increases. It is not recommended to try to squeeze the abscess at home.
The procedure is performed under local surface and infiltrative anesthesia. The abscess bag is opened with a scalpel or needle. The cavity is washed with a disinfectant solution and the nasal passage is tamped with a cotton swab with an antibiotic ointment of local action.
Cleansing of the nose, care, suction of mucus
Nasal care is especially needed after operations on the paranasal sinuses or nasal septum. The purpose of the procedure is to loosen the respiratory tract, remove the secretion, improve the outflow of mucus from the natural openings of the sinuses.
Anterior nasal tamponade
Anterior nasal tamponade is designed to stop nasal bleeding. The classical procedure is when the nasal pass/canal is tamped with cotton swabs dipped in vaseline. The nose can be tamped with a paraffin mesh, compressed polymeric foam swabs, self-dissolving polyurethane foam sponges and inflatable swabs. If the substance is insoluble, tampons are recommended to be removed 1 to 2 days after the procedure.
Posterior nasal tamponade
Posterior nasal tamponade is performed when bleeding cannot be stopped by anterior tamponade. Inflatable, two-chamber tampons are best suited for this procedure, since they block both the nasal passage and the nasal pharynx opening (choana).
Removal of a foreign body from the nose
Foreign bodies in the nose as with such bodies in the ear are more common in children. These foreign bodies can be organic (foodstuffs) and inorganic (toy [arts, beads). Foreign bodies are removed from the nose under the control of a naked eye with the help of micro instruments or a pump.
Insertion of tampons with medications in the nose
Tampons with medication are usually placed in the nose after some manipulations in the nasal passages are performed, when the mucous membrane is damaged. Additionally, the nose can be sealed with oil preparations dipped in tampons to protect the nasal mucosa from drying out, especially in the postoperative period.
